Abstract
The purpose of the work was to propose analytical model considering double confinements (provided by both transverse reinforcements and a wide flange steel section), which was verified by the nonlinear finite element analysis considering concrete-damaged plasticity. The scope of the effort and the procedures to achieve the aim of this study included the identification of the concrete confinements provided by both transverse reinforcements and a wide flange steel section based on the elasto-plastic model in tension for both rebar/steel sections and elasto-buckling for rebars in compression. The influence of rebar buckling in the compression zone on flexural moment strength was also investigated with and without considering confining effects offered by steel sections. The analytical approach predicted a post-yield behavior of composite beams based on the confining effect offered by both the shear reinforcement and wide steel flange sections. However, for beams without axial loads, the compressive zones with high and partial confinements for concrete sections at the yield and maximum load limit state were limited when compressive buckling failure was not considered, preventing the confining factors from significantly influencing the flexural load resisting capacity. An accurate flexural capacity of composite beams can be obtained when rebar was modeled with buckling in the compression zone.
Highlights
An analytical model that predicts the behavior of steel–concrete composite and hybrid structures were developed by [7] in which the mechanical behavior of composite beams was described, under no restrictive assumptions on the connection and interaction
The main goal of the present study was to analytically predict the post-yield moment–curvature relationships based on the double confining effects, which were subsequently compared with experimental results and nonlinear finite element analysis
Results were verified using nonlinear element analysisand considering concrete plasticity, as can the nominal moment capacities at the yield, maximum load, and ultimate load limit state, showing be seen in Results and Discussion which summarizes the nominal moment capacities at the yield, the influence of theload, confined concrete effect by the steel section for theconfined various concrete confining factors, maximum and ultimate load limitcaused state, showing the influence of the effect caused by the steel section for the various confining factors, including including Kh and Kp
Summary
The use of concrete-encased steel beams requires an understanding of the individual merits of the two materials. Many tests have been performed to explore the post-yield behavior of the steel columns encased in structural concrete [1,2,3,4,5,6]. An analytical model that predicts the behavior of steel–concrete composite and hybrid structures were developed by [7] in which the mechanical behavior of composite beams was described, under no restrictive assumptions on the connection and interaction. Strains, and displacements due to loads that induce elastic or inelastic behavior in the connection were predicted. The general analytical solution for the elastic three-layered plate with any interlayer (utterly compliant to relatively stiff) was provided by [8]. Some of the structural applications where steel beams were confined by transverse reinforcements were presented by [9]
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