Part 1 - PIC Microcontroller Systems

Abstract

This chapter discusses the microcontroller unit (MCU) features, program execution, RAM file registers, and other PIC chips. The MCU is one of the most significant developments in the continuing miniaturization of electronic hardware. They are an important factor in the digitization of analog systems, such as sound systems or television. In addition, they provide an essential component of larger systems, such as automobiles, robots, and industrial systems. The computer or digital controller has three main elements: input and output devices, which communicate with the outside world; a processor, to make calculations and handle data operations; and memory, to store programs and data. The MCU is essentially a computer on a chip; however, it still needs input and output devices, such as a keypad and display, to form a working system. The microcontroller stores its program in ROM (read only memory). Flash ROM is now normally used for prototyping and low-volume production. The range of microcontrollers available is expanding rapidly. The development of flash ROM helped open up the market, and Microchip was among the first to take advantage. The cheap and reprogrammable PIC16F84 became the most widely known, rapidly becoming the number one device for students and hobbyists. The range of microcontrollers now available developed because the features of the MCU used in any particular circuit must be as closely matched as possible to the actual needs of the application.