Abstract
Objective: The present study examines the relationship between parenting self-efficacy, social support in parenting tasks, and parenting-related stress for parents with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research Design and Methods: Parents with and without T1D completed self-report measures addressing demographic, parenting (e.g., parental stress, support, and self-efficacy), and diabetes-related variables. One-way ANOVAs examined the effect of parent T1D diagnosis on parent demographic and parenting-related data. In addition, regression analyses examined main and interactive effects of parent T1D diagnosis and perceived parenting support in accounting for parenting stress. Results: Parents with a T1D diagnosis self-reported more parenting-related stress than parents without a T1D diagnosis. In addition, for parents with T1D, parenting stress was significantly positively correlated with parent age at diagnosis and significantly negatively correlated with most recent HbA1c, parenting self-agency, and perceived parenting support; however, among parents without a T1D diagnosis, the relationship between parenting stress and support was null. A regression analysis examining main and interactive effects of parent T1D diagnosis and perceived parenting support on parenting stress was significant, yielding a significant two-way interaction. Conclusions: Results suggest that parents with T1D may experience more parenting-related stress than parents without a chronic illness. Furthermore, higher levels of social support are associated with lower levels of parenting stress for this group of parents with T1D. Thus, results underscore the importance of parenting support for parents with T1D and further emphasize the importance of continued research in the area of parenting with T1D.
Highlights
1.25 million Americans are living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), a chronic illness that requires a complicated daily self-management regimen [1]
For parents with T1D, parenting stress was significantly positively correlated with parent age at diagnosis and significantly negatively correlated with most recent HbA1c, parenting selfagency, and perceived parenting support; among parents without a T1D diagnosis, the relationship between parenting stress and support was null
Results suggest that parents with T1D may experience more parenting-related stress than parents without a chronic illness
Summary
1.25 million Americans are living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), a chronic illness that requires a complicated daily self-management regimen [1] The burden of this chronic illness has been shown to increase distress levels in people with T1D compared to the general population [2, 3]. Successful T1D management involves close monitoring of blood glucose levels and regular insulin dose adjustments with close consideration of numerous factors (e.g., carbohydrate consumption, blood glucose levels, physical activity, stress, illness). These consistent and intensive demands impose a significant burden that may, at times, interfere with parenting tasks and, at other times, be surpassed in priority by parenting tasks. The requirements of parenthood may impact a parent’s confidence in their ability to balance the demands of parenting while adequately attending to the management of their chronic illness [5]
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