Abstract
Whether parental supply of alcohol affects the likelihood of later adolescent risky drinking remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize findings from longitudinal studies investigating this association. We searched eight electronic databases up to 10 September 2016 for relevant terms and included only original English language peer-reviewed journal articles with a prospective design. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Seven articles met inclusion criteria, six of which used analytic methods allowing for meta-analysis. In all seven studies, the follow-up period was ≥12 months and attrition ranged from 3% to 15%. Parental supply of alcohol was associated with subsequent risky drinking (odds ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.72, 2.32); however, there was substantial risk of confounding bias and publication bias. In all studies, measurement of exposure was problematic given the lack of distinction between parental supply of sips of alcohol versus whole drinks. In conclusion, parental supply of alcohol in childhood is associated with an increased likelihood of risky drinking later in adolescence. However, methodological limitations preclude a causal inference. More robust longitudinal studies are needed, with particular attention to distinguishing sips from whole drinks, measurement of likely confounders, and multivariable adjustment.
Highlights
Risky consumption of alcohol is a leading threat to adolescent health globally because of its role in the aetiology of intentional and unintentional injury, mental disorders, and sexually transmitted infection [1,2]
The supply of alcohol in childhood increases the odds of later adolescent risky drinking; a supply of alcohol in childhood increases the odds of later adolescent risky drinking; for acausal causalinference inferenceisislimited limitedby byaahigh highlikelihood likelihoodthat thatestimates estimatesare are inflated inflated by by aa lack lack of of control control for confounders, and a risk of publication bias
We supply preceded the outcome of adolescent risky drinking, excluding simple reverse causality supply preceded the outcome of adolescent risky drinking, excluding simple reverse causality as as an an explanation for the association
Summary
Risky consumption of alcohol is a leading threat to adolescent health globally because of its role in the aetiology of intentional and unintentional injury, mental disorders, and sexually transmitted infection [1,2]. Risky drinking is defined as consumption of ≥5 drinks in a single episode at least monthly. The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) reported that one in twelve adolescents at the age of 13 or below drank alcohol riskily in 2015 [3]. In the USA, 14% of 12–20 year-olds reported drinking ≥5 drinks on one or more occasions in the previous month, and this age group made 188,706 emergency room visits due to injury and other alcohol-related conditions in 2011 [4]. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 287; doi:10.3390/ijerph14030287 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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