Abstract
ABSTRACTOn 4 March 1987, Jonathan Pollard was sentenced to life in prison for spying for Israel. Five U.S. presidents have considered pardoning Pollard. This study examines the factors affecting presidential decision-making toward pardoning Jonathan Pollard. The paper argues that Pollard endured thirty years of a life sentence because the American defense and intelligence community viewed him as a spy from a belligerent nation despite spying for an ally. Furthermore, I find evidence that Pollard was used by the United States as a bargaining chip to enhance its position vis-à-vis Israel during the Oslo Accords and in the approval process of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.
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