Abstract
The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor (PPR) is a class 2 G-protein-coupled receptor that serves to control, via PTH, blood levels of ionized calcium and phosphate, and, via PTHrP, the development of several tissues, including the skeleton. The PPR is expressed in bone and kidney cells, the key target sites of PTH, and in differentiating mesenchymal cells, the target sites of PTHrP. Upon ligand binding, the PPR couples to stimulatory G proteins and the cAMP signaling pathway. Defects in the PPR system are associated with several diseases of bone development and calcium homeostasis, and PTH(1–34) and PTH(1–84) are now being used to treat osteoporosis. Further development of these peptide ligands could lead to improved treatments for this and related diseases of bone and mineral ion metabolism.
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