Parathyroid carcinoma masquerading as morning sickness in pregnancy

Abstract

Incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) in pregnancy is 8/100,000 population/year with less than 200 cases reported. Physiological changes associated with pregnancy make a diagnosis of PHP difficult and 80% are asymptomatic. High index of suspicion is required as physiological hypocalcemia related to hemodilution, increased glomerular filtration rate resulting in maternal hypercalciuria and gestational hypoalbuminemia can mask hypercalcemia of PHP. Maternal and fetal complication rates are high. Early recognition followed by appropriate management and treatment significantly reduces complications. Here, we present a rare case of parathyroid carcinoma in pregnancy and highlight the difficulties in diagnosis given the non-specific symptoms related to hypercalcemia. We have also discussed the management of PHP during the pregnancy. PHP is a preventable cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.