Parasitological and Biochemical Efficacy of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum and Curcuma longa in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice.

Ali Hussein Abu Almaaty,Hadeer Abd El-Hak Rashed,Fayez Althobaiti,Nahla Soliman El-Shenawy,Eman Fayad,Maha Farid Mohamed Soliman

doi:10.3390/molecules26154542

Ali Hussein Abu Almaaty, Hadeer Abd El-Hak Rashed + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154542

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Abstract

The active ingredients allicin and curcumin have a wide range of actions against fungi, bacteria, and helminths. Therefore, the study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of allicin (AL) and curcumin (CU) as antischistosomal drugs and their biochemical effects in normal and Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Praziquantel (PZQ) was administrated for two successive days while AL or CU was given for two weeks from the week 7th postinfection (PI). The possible effect of different regimens on Schistosoma worms was evaluated by measuring the percentage of the recovered worms, tissue egg load, and oogram pattern. Serum alanine transaminase activity and levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and uric acid were measured. Liver tissue malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels besides, the activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were assessed for the oxidative/antioxidant condition. DNA electrophoresis of liver tissue was used to indicate the degree of fragmentation. There was a significant reduction in the recovered worms and egg load, with a marked change of oogram pattern in all treated groups with PZQ, AL, and CU in comparison with infected-untreated mice. PZQ, AL, and CU prevented most of the hematological and biochemical disorders, as well as significantly improved the antioxidant capacity and enhanced DNA fragmentation in the liver tissue of schistosomiasis mice compared to the infected-untreated group. These promising results suggest that AL and CU are efficient as antischistosomal drugs, and it would be beneficial to test their combination to understand the mechanism of action and the proper period of treatment leading to the best result.

Highlights

Multiple Schistosoma species are parasitic to humans; S. mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium are mainly endemic to both Africa and the Middle East, which represents around 85% of the reported world cases [1]
The present work is one of the few studies dealing with the efficacy of the active ingredients AL and CU compared with PZQ in the treatment of schistosomiasis using different aspects
There is an obvious correlated relationship between Schistosoma mansoni infection and some pathological disorders, which can extend to DNA malformations

Summary

Introduction

Multiple Schistosoma species are parasitic to humans; S. mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium are mainly endemic to both Africa and the Middle East, which represents around 85% of the reported world cases [1]. Schistosomiasis caused changes in different hematological parameters [3,4]. The eggs are first deposited by adult female S. mansoni in the infected host’s vasculature; it begins to induce a granulomatous inflammatory reaction [8]. It results in pathological disorders in these tissues. S. mansoni caused an elevation in the levels of lipid peroxide, which reflects the increase in oxidative stress [9]. In contrast with lipid peroxide levels, authors reported that infected animals with S. mansoni showed a marked diminishment in different antioxidant parameters (such as catalase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase) [10,11]

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