Parasitic sanitary and hygiene risks to human and animal health in the river basin of specially protected natural territories in the North Caucasus Federal District

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of modern parasitic risks on the sanitary and hygienic well-being of water resources in the territories of the reserves of Kabardino-Balkaria. 1700 water samples were studied. An analysis of sanitary and hygienic studies of water in specially protected biospheric territories showed sanitary contamination with helminth eggs that threatens humans and animals, which made it possible to classify them as unfavorable objects of the mountain ecosystem. From the list of trematode eggs found in water samples from the tributaries of the Baksan River within the nature reserve «National Park Prielbrusye» and the tributaries of the Cherek River within the Kabardino-Balkar high-mountain reserve, the eggs of fasciols, dicrocelia, metorchis numerically prevailed, eggs of the cestodes — eggs of the teniid type, and from among the eggs of nematodes — eggs of Ostertagia, Haemonhus, Dictyocaulus and Toxocara. According to the level of the index of sanitary pollution in the areas of water withdrawal from 9 tributaries of the river. Baksan within the nature reserve «National Park Prielbrusye» was contaminated with eggs of trematodes by 46.3–100 %, cestodes — by 69.2–100 % and nematodes — by 100 %. Water samples Cherek on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkar high-mountain reserve (tributaries of Ushtulu-Su; Mukhol-Su; Dykh-tau Su; Ylygy-Su; Maltan-Su; Ilcheu-Su; Kara-Su; Sukan-Su; Khaznidon-Su) also are heavily contaminated with trematode eggs by 60.4–100 %, cestodes — by 76.6–100 % and nematodes — by 66.8–100 %, which is a consequence of the annual increase in fecal load on the alpine ecosystem. The cause of sanitary pollution of the tributaries of the river. Baksan and R. In the Cherek biospheric territories, the eggs of bio- and geohelminths are the grazing use of their areas for distant pasture keeping of small, cattle and yaks, in which trematodes, cestodoses and nematodes occur with a high prevalence of invasions (28.0–100 %). Our data confirm the need to develop comprehensive programs for the hygienic and epidemiological monitoring of zoonoses and the development of legal documents on the sanitary protection of the environment and water resources of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.