Abstract
Social/cultural psychologists have traditionally used the value systems of collectivism and individualism to explain differences across cultures but very little consideration has been given to the ultimate origins of these value systems. Parasite Stress Theory (PST) is a new evolutionary theory that aims to explain why overarching value systems develop differently throughout the world and how these value systems lead to variations across countries (e.g. in xenophobia, innovation, conformity and political attitudes). This paper will discuss how PST, in conjunction with the Behavioural Immune System (BIS) explains in-group and outgroup interactions and specifies the conditions that lead to heightened prejudice.
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