Abstract
A total of 47 paramyxoviruses isolated from migrating feral ducks were characterized by immunological, biochemical and genomic analyses. For comparison, 4 additional paramyxoviruses derived from domestic ducks and caged birds were also used. Eight antisera monospecific for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of reference strains of avian paramyxovirus could clearly differentiate the antigenic relationships amongst the above viruses, indicating that duck-paramyxoviruses are grouped into three serotypes.Of the 30 identified as paramyxovirus type 1 by antisera monospecific to the nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of Newcastle disease virus, 14 were further analyzed antigenically by a panel of monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins and they appeared to be grouped into 3 variants. The remaining 17 isolates were divided into 2 serotypes with the following prototypes: avian paramyxovirus type 4/duck/Hong Kong/D3/75; avian paramyxovirus type 6/duck/Hong Kong/199/77. RNA analysis of these viruses by oligonucleotide mapping revealed that duck-paramyxoviruses spread from duck to duck efficiently through a water-borne transmission and they were found to be circulating world-wide along with migration routes of the birds. In addition, it was evident that ducks play an important role for the maintenance of avian paramyxoviruses, suggesting a possible transmission of these viruses to domestic poultry.KeywordsInfluenza VirusReference StrainNewcastle Disease VirusAvian Influenza VirusDomestic DuckThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Published Version
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