Abstract
Although the benefits of morphing wings have been proven in many studies in the last few decades, the wing skin design remains one of the challenges to advancing and implementing the morphing technology. This is due to the conflicting design requirements of high out-of-plane stiffness to withstand aerodynamic loads and low in-plane stiffness to allow morphing with the available actuation forces. Advancements in the design of hybrid and flexible composites might allow for design solutions that feature this balance in stiffness required for this application. These composites offer new design parameters, such as the number of plies, the fiber-orientation angle of each ply in the skin laminate, and the spatial distribution of the plies on the skin surface. This paper presents a parametric study of a composite skin for a twist-morphing wing. The skin is made of periodic laminated composite sections, called “Twistkins”, integrated in an elastomeric outer skin. The twisting deformation is localized in the elastomeric sections between the Twistkins. The design parameters considered are the number of plies in the composite Twistkins, the fiber-orientation angle of the plies, the torsional rigidity of the elastomer, the width ratio, and the number of elastomeric sections. The computational analysis results showed that the torsional compliance can be increased by increasing the width ratio, decreasing the number of elastomeric sections, number of composite plies and the elastomer’s torsional rigidity. However, this would also lead to a decrease in the out-of-plane stiffness. The nonlinearity and rates at which these parameters affect the skin’s behavior are highlighted, including the effect of the fiber-orientation angle of the laminate plies. Hence, the study guides the design process of this twist-morphing skin.
Highlights
It was demonstrated that roll rates and lift-to-drag ratios can increase with the use of twist-morphing in micro air vehicles (MAVs)
This paper presents a parametric study on a hybrid composite skin made of periodic
Since the skin is composed of a linear pattern of identical segments, only a representative section consisting of two carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) Twistkins and one elastomeric section is considered
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The outer skin was constructed with overlapping strips of polyimide film that attach to the ribs They showed that wing twist is an effective means to increase lift. By having the twist-morphing section in the middle of the wing, the rotating section will have a uniform AOA, further increasing the amount of lift generated This will allow for greater roll control [12]. It was demonstrated that roll rates and lift-to-drag ratios can increase with the use of twist-morphing in MAVs. With the advancements in smart materials, like shape memory alloys (SMA) and piezoelectric materials, many researchers have been developing innovative methods of incorporating smart materials and compliant structures into morphing wings [5,12,25,26,27].
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