Parametric review on friction stir welding for under water and dissimilar metal joining applications

Abstract

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the unique solid state welding process developed by “The Welding Institute” in 1991 which produces joints with high strength without negotiating aesthetics as well as weight. Relatively, this process is environmentally safe due to less toxic gas release, less energy utilization and no form of flux is required. This process has proven to be promising technique for joining similar and dissimilar metals including various alloys, hardened materials and composites. Current article is categorized into three sections; the first one focuses current status and parameters of FSW along with their correlations; second section talks about different tools, tool materials and associated defects; last section is highlighting applications of FSW in joining of dissimilar metals development in underwater friction stir welding (UFSW). In addition, performance evaluations of input parameters like tool rotation speed, tilt-angle of the tool, plunge depth, welding speed along with its effect on welding quality, microhardness and tensile properties are discussed. Finally, this article concludes with future scope and challenges in FSW.