Abstract
Through the use of an electric discharge machine, this study performed the electrical spark discharge method in deionised water under normal temperature and pressure for Cu nanocolloid (CuNC) preparation. The CuNCs had a zeta potential of 12.3 mV, indicating poor suspension stability. The suspension stability was effectively increased (zeta potential 32.5 mV) through the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form PVA-containing CuNCs PVA/CuNCs. Next, the following pulse-width modulation (Ton:Toff) parameters were tested to determine the optimal setting for PVA/CuNC preparation: 10:10, 30:30, 50:50, 70:70 and 90:90 µs. The optimal preparation parameter was then determined according to the absorbance, zeta potential and size distribution results. Finally, the surface properties and crystal structure of the PVA/CuNCs were characterised through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the Ton:Toff was set to 30:30 µs, preparation efficiency was optimal, as was suspension stability, as indicated by the absorbance value (0.534), zeta potential (32.5 mV) and size distribution (85.47 nm). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Cu nanoparticles that were more dispersed in the PVA/CuNCs had a diameter smaller than 10 nm and a crystal line width of 0.2028 nm. X-ray diffraction showed that the PVA/CuNCs contained intact Cu crystal structures.
Highlights
Copper (Cu), a common transition metal and the most commonly used metal,[1] has high ductility as well as adequate heat[2,3,4] and electric conductivity.[5,6,7] Cu has received considerable scholarly attention
The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/CuNCs had the highest absorbance value and concentration when the the following pulsewidth modulation (Ton):Toff was set to 30:30 μs
CuO had two diffraction peaks that in sequential order had Bragg reflection angles of 35° and 38° and crystal orientations of (À111) and (111). These results indicate that no other derivatives were generated in the PVA/CuNC preparation process, and that the PVA solution did not affect the crystal structure of Cu
Summary
Copper (Cu), a common transition metal and the most commonly used metal,[1] has high ductility as well as adequate heat[2,3,4] and electric conductivity.[5,6,7] Cu has received considerable scholarly attention. Cu nanoparticle (CuNP) synthesis and application has become a popular topic in scientific and industrial fields. Due to its low resistivity, Cu is often used in cable, electrical and electronic components. Cu is used in gas sensors, which are crucial to the protection of the environment and human health.[8] In medicine, CuNP is widely used in antibacterial applications.[9,10,11] Because nanocolloids’ suspension stability decreases over time, most studies add chemical dispersants[12,13,14,15] to lower the pH level[16] or add surfactants.[17,18] In addition, CuNP is used in waste
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