Parameter processes and their impact on Tinospora cordifolia stem extracts for antibacterial and antioxidant materials

Abstract

This work extracted the Tinospora cordifolia stem for antibacterial and antioxidant materials. The stems of T. cordifolia were extracted by using a simple maceration method. The effect of three independent variables (solvent ratios, temperature, and extraction time) was investigated to obtain optimal conditions. Ten grams of T. cordifolia were extracted using a mixture of methanol–water ratios 00:100, 15:85, 30:70, and 45:55 (% v/v) at 50–95 °C for 0.5 to 3 h. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the T. cordifolia extracts was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu and Colorimetric-AlCl3 methods. The antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were assessed by serial dilution methods, and antioxidant properties were performed by DPPH methods. The optimum condition was achieved at methanol–water ratios of 00:100 % (v/v) at 95 °C for 2 h. The yield extraction for this condition is around 13.97%. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents for these conditions are about 6.85% and 7.07%, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration value against P. aeruginosa is 1024 µg/mL, and the minimum bacterial concentration is above 2048 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the antioxidant obtained is 217.55 µg/mL at a ratio of 00:100 methanol–water. The extraction process parameters significantly influenced the phytochemical (TPC and TFC), antibacterial activity, and antioxidant properties of T. cordifolia stem extracts. This work clearly shows the antibacterial potential of T. cordifolia stem extracts, suggesting that more investigation is required to isolate the bioactive compounds in this extract.