Abstract
This study presents a numerical tool for calculating storm surges from offshore, nearshore, and coastal regions using the finite-difference method, two-way grid-nesting function in time and space, and a moving boundary scheme without any numerical filter adopted. The validation of the solitary wave runup on a circular island showed the perfect matches between the model results and measurements for the free surface elevations and runup heights. After the benchmark problem validation, the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan event was selected to showcase the storm surge calculations with coastal inundation and flood depths in Tacloban. The catastrophic storm surges of about 8 m and wider, storm-induced inundation due to the Super Typhoon Haiyan were found in the Tacloban Airport, corresponding to the findings from the field survey. In addition, the anti-clockwise, storm-induced currents were explored inside of Cancabato Bay. Moreover, the effect of the nonlinear advection terms with the fixed and moving shoreline and the parallel efficiency were investigated. By presenting a storm surge model for calculating storm surges, inundation areas, and flood depths with the model validation and case study, this study hopes to provide a convenient and efficient numerical tool for forecasting and disaster assessment under a potential severe tropical storm with climate change.
Highlights
Storm surges due to a tropical cyclone cause a catastrophic impact on coastal communities [1]
This study has developed a numerical tool with the two-way grid-nesting function in time and space, the moving boundary scheme in tracing the shoreline, and calculating coastal storm surges and inundation areas without any numerical filter adopted, which has been nicknamed COMCOT-SURGE
The free surface evolution of the incident solitary wave has been explored in the threedimensional presentation with the runup, rundown, and trapped wave propagation around the circular island
Summary
Storm surges due to a tropical cyclone cause a catastrophic impact on coastal communities [1]. The event of Typhoon Haiyan has three unique features: (1) a record-breaking wind speed of more than 310 km/hr [42]; (2) a fast forward motion of the storm at up to 41.0 km/hr [43]; (3) the notable induced storm surges and floods found in Leyte Gulf and San Pedro Bay [44,45,46,47] These unique features make the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan a good case study for highlighting the model performance of predicting coastal storm surges and inundation areas. The three-layer nested-grid computational domains are adopted in this study to perform the storm surge simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan (see Figure 9).
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