Abstract
Three paradigms are distinguished in the study of racial relations in Brazil during the 20th century. The first one, the paradigm of morenidade, is associated with Gilberto Freyre, but in spite of outward disagreements, it is shared by Marvin Harris and Carl Degler, whose respective formulations, `referential ambiguity in the calculus of racial identity' and `neither black nor white', have the same basic meaning as Freyre's moreno. A second paradigm is associated with Florestan Fernandes, who stresses the merely residual character of race prejudice and racial inequality in Brazil. The third paradigm, due to Carlos Hasenbalg, posits persistent racial discrimination as the cause of the inequality between whites and non-whites in levels of economic, educational and other attainment. The differences between these paradigms, and even between authors whose conclusions belong in the same paradigm, are largely due to their underlying models of historical development.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
