溫度對玉帶鳳蝶（Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer）發育之影響

Abstract

In the present test, fresh eggs of swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer were collected from the host in the net room. The fresh eggs were conducted in the growth chamber with 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and room (25~30℃), 80±5% RH, and in a photoperiodism of 14 hr light and 10 hr darkness. The hatching larvae were reared with leaves Citrus sunki Hort. individually. An observation series of the swallowtail butterfly development were conducted. Results indicated that the hatching rate was low at various temperatures, but high survival rate from 1st instar larvae to adult was observed. At various temperatures, the longest duration was found at 20℃ and the shortest at 30℃. The duration at 20℃ is twice time as long as that at 30℃. The duration decreased as the temperature rised from 20℃ to 30℃. The low temperature thresholds for the development of egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae, and pupae were estimated to be 10.33, 13.42, 12.74, 12.65, 10.56, 9.58, and 12.42℃, respectively. The effective accumulated temperature of egg 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae, and pupae were 60.11, 35.43, 32.22, 34.21, 53.80, 111.45, and 145.03 day-degrees, respectively. It required 488.61 day-degrees for the development from egg to adult. In width of head capsule way, 1st instar to 4th instar were significantly different at various temperature, but 5th instar were not significantly different. Larvae with head capsule wider than 4.57 mm were destined to become pupae at the next ecdysis. The leaf consumption of each instar was calculated. Leaf consumptions of 25℃ and room temperature were 215.44 cm^2 and 196.76 cm^2, which showed no statistical significance. The results could provide information for education materials and mass production of the swallowtail butterfly.