Abstract
The steady increase in the price of protein feed ingredients and the retraction of antibiotics from diets has encouraged nutritionists to search the alternatives for protein source and functional feedstuffs that can substitute the role of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. With crude protein of 24-30%, in vitro protein digestibility of 80% and proportion of essential amino acids of 47%, seed from ripe papaya may be exploited as the alternative protein feed ingredient for poultry. Moreover, the growth promoting effect, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities, and immunomodulatory and antioxidative activities may confirm the potential of papaya seed as a functional feedstuff that could replace the role of antibiotic growth promoters for poultry. The in-depth study is needed to further elucidate the functionalities of papaya seed onpoultry. This review provides the updates on the nutritional contents of papaya seed, the potential of papaya seed as an alternative to conventional protein-rich ingredient, the growth-promoting effect of feeding papaya seed, the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of papaya seed, antioxidative activities of papaya seed, and the immunomodulatory activity of papaya seed on poultry.
Highlights
Agro-industrial by-products have recently attracted a growing interest from the nutritionists as feed ingredients for poultry
The steady increase in the price of protein feed ingredients and the retraction of antibiotics from diets has encouraged nutritionists to search the alternatives for protein source and functional feedstuffs that can substitute the role of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production
The growth promoting effect, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities, and immunomodulatory and antioxidative activities may confirm the potential of papaya seed as a functional feedstuff that could replace the role of antibiotic growth promoters for poultry
Summary
Agro-industrial by-products have recently attracted a growing interest from the nutritionists as feed ingredients for poultry. Papaya seed contains some functional properties that may act as growth promoters [3], antimicrobial and antiparasitic factors [4,5,6], and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agents [7,8] for poultry Taking these facts into consideration, papaya seed may be used as feed ingredient to reduce feed cost as well as functional feedstuff to improve the health and well-being of poultry. The abundant availability throughout the year and less economic value of papaya seed have encouraged the nutritionists to exploit such by-product as a protein-rich feed ingredient as well as functional feedstuff for poultry. Among the agro-industrial by-products, papaya seed has been explored extensively as the potential of feed ingredients for poultry The latter by-product contains substantial amounts of crude protein, fat, and ash that may be utilized by the chickens.
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