Panfacial fractures: Prevalence, sociodemographics, and pattern of presentation in a major referral hospital in the Southern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Panfacial fractures are defined as fractures of the craniomaxillofacial complex involving bones in the lower, middle, and upper thirds of the facial skeleton. The aim of the current study is to report the prevalence, sociodemographics, and pattern of panfacial fractures in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of panfacial fractures seen and managed in a major referral hospital in the southern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a 10-year period from 2008 to 2018. Data collected include demographics such as age, gender, etiological factor, and pattern of bone fracture involved in the panfacial fracture. Data were stored and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for IOS Version 25 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.). Results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 1057 patients presented with maxillofacial injuries, of which 43 male patients suffered from panfacial fractures during the study period giving a prevalence rate of 4.1%. The age ranged from 16 to 45 years with mean ± standard deviation (26.6 ± 8.3) years. The age group of 21–30 years had the highest frequency of panfacial fracture, whereas the age group of 41–50 years had the least occurrence with a statistically significant difference. Most of the mandibular fractures involved the symphysis and parasymphysis (27.9% and 23.3%), respectively. In the midface, Le Fort I and II were the most common maxillary fractures. Conclusion: Inquiry into the prevalence, sociodemographics, and pattern of panfacial fractures is essential in decision-making by the attending clinicians for the patients' overall management. This study has reported a prevalence rate of 4.1% with only male preponderance.