Abstract
AimInsulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is one of the main members of the tyrosine protein kinase receptor family. This receptor binds insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with a high affinity. IGF-1 is a member of a family of proteins involved in mediating growth and development. However, the correlations of IGF-1 and IGF-1R to prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in different cancers remain unclear.MethodThis research comprehensively analyzed the expression pattern of IGF-1 and IGF-1R and the influence of IGF-1 and IGF-1R on clinical significance in prognosis prediction among 33 types of malignancies using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases. The correlation between IGF-1, IGF-1R, and cancer immunity was explored.ResultsIGF-1 and IGF-1R displayed inconsistent gene expression levels among diverse cancer cell lines. Typically, high expression level of IGF-1 and IGF-1R was detected in most malignant tumors. High expression of IGF-1 was closely bound up with the unfavorable overall survival (OS) for patients in BLCA, CHOL, and LAML upon Cox and Kaplan-Meier analyses. While high expression of IGF-1R was closely bound up with the unfavorable overall survival (OS) for patients in BLCA, LIHC, and LUAD. Furthermore, high expression level of IGF-1 and IGF-1R were closely connected with high degrees of tumor infiltrates, including CD4+ T cell, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In addition, we found that IGF-1 was commonly positively correlated with the expression of gene markers including LAIR1, ICOS, CD40LG, CTLA4, CD48, CD28, CD200R1, HAVCR2, and CD86. Whereas, IGF-1R was commonly positively correlated with the expression of gene markers including NRP1 and CD276. More importantly, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression were correlated with tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR), and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) of different types of cancers.ConclusionsThe impact of high IGF-1 and IGF-1R on prognosis and immune infiltrates differs across cancer types. Anti-IGF-1R therapy may inhibit tumor growth and contribute to immunotherapy in LIHC and KIRC.
Highlights
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), one of the main members of tyrosine protein kinase receptor family, plays an important role in maintaining the malignant phenotype and tumor anti-apoptosis
Consistent high expression level of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) could be seen in normal tissues than most types of tumor based on both comparisons, and significant decreased expression of IGF-1 could be seen in tumor samples including ACC, BLCA, BRCA, CESC, CHOL, COAD, ESCA, LAML
High expression level of IGF-1R could be seen in most types of tumors than normal tissue based on both comparisons, and significant increased expression of IGF-1R could be seen in tumor samples including BRCA, CHOL, COAD, ESCA, GBM, HNSC, LAML, LGG, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC, PAAD, PRAD, SKCM, STAD, TGCT, and THCA based on the integrated database
Summary
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), one of the main members of tyrosine protein kinase receptor family, plays an important role in maintaining the malignant phenotype and tumor anti-apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), ligand of IGF-1R, is a kind of growth hormone mainly synthesized in liver. Population studies provide substantial direct and circumstantial evidence that cancer risk and cancer prognosis are influenced by IGF-1 and insulin levels [1]. The overexpression of IGF-1 and its receptor IGF-1R have been implicated in carcinogenesis and are considered risk factors for the progression of diverse human cancers [2,3,4]. Studies have proved that anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody has potential therapeutic value in diverse cancers [5,6,7]. Since cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the low efficacy of many existing therapies is a major clinical challenge, it is essential to understand the prognostic and immunological impact of IGF-1 and IGF-1R among cancer types comprehensively in order to develop novel immunotherapies
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