Abstract
Smart surgical instruments are essential for overcoming many significant physiological limitations that surgeons face in their practice, such as the inability to scale a force in mN precision. Besides physiological tremors, weariness and poor kinaesthetic feedback on the part of a surgeon and patient movement, the lack of force perception represents a great technological challenge. Providing tactile feedback during the interaction of the instrument with the tissue facilitates the surgeon with better control of the applied force, thus preventing undesired trauma to the tissue or accidental trauma to the healthy tissues in proximity. In robotic surgery, surgeons should be able to scale applied force without direct contact with surgical tools. Surgical instruments with built-in FBG can attenuate surgeons' ability and help overcome limitations and prevent unwanted tissue damage in "free hand" surgery or robot-assisted surgery.
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