Palladium nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets synthesized using Ficus carica fruit extract: A catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.

Jaculin Raiza Anasdass,Pandian Kannaiyan,Subash C B Gopinath,Raghunathan Raghavachary,Yeng Chen,Yogendra Kumar Mishra

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193281

Jaculin Raiza Anasdass, Pandian Kannaiyan + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193281

Copy DOI

Abstract

We present a biogenic method for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticle (PdNP)-modified by reducing graphene oxide sheets (rGO) in a one-pot strategy using Ficus carica fruit juice as the reducing agent. The synthesized material was well characterized by morphological and structural analyses, including, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the PdNP modified GO are spherical in shape and estimated to be a dimension of ~0.16 nm. The PdNP/graphene exhibits a great catalytic activity in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of biaryl compounds with various substrates under both aqueous and aerobic conditions. The catalyst can be recovered easily and is suitable for repeated use because it retains its original catalytic activity. The PdNP/rGO catalyst synthesized by an eco-friendly protocol was used for the Suzuki coupling reactions. The method offers a mild and effective substitute to the existing methods and may significantly contribute to green chemistry.

Highlights

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) play a vital role in different fields, including sensors, catalysis, and as energy storage materials [1,2,3,4,5]
The benefit of palladium nanoparticle (PdNP) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of pharmaceuticals, polymers, herbicides, and fine chemicals has advantages over the use of homogenous Pd catalysts due to their selectivity and stability. They are cheaper, can be recycled and are very reactive [7,8,9,10,11,12,13].Because of good catalytic activity, PdNP is a subject of great interest and have the potential to be used as heterogeneous catalysts with unique properties
The morphological features of the PdNP/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results of the catalytic reactions were recorded using 1H and 13C NMR collected on a Bruker Avance 200 or 300 MHz spectrometer in CDCl3 with TMS as an internal standard; chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million

Summary

Introduction

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) play a vital role in different fields, including sensors, catalysis, and as energy storage materials [1,2,3,4,5]. The benefit of PdNP as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of pharmaceuticals, polymers, herbicides, and fine chemicals has advantages over the use of homogenous Pd catalysts due to their selectivity and stability. They are cheaper, can be recycled and are very reactive [7,8,9,10,11,12,13].Because of good catalytic activity, PdNP is a subject of great interest and have the potential to be used as heterogeneous catalysts with unique properties.

Methods

Results

Conclusion