Efficient Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd/DNA@MWCNTs in green solvents and under mild conditions

Abstract

The palladium nanoparticles were immobilized on DNA-modified multi walled carbon nanotubes as stable and powerful heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma and elemental analysis. DNA as a well-defined structure and biodegradable natural polymer was used to make the palladium catalyst which shows a high activity in Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions in excellent yields and good selectivity under ligand-free and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered and reused several times without any considerable loss of its catalytic activity. This air- and moisture-stable phosphine-free palladium catalyst was found to be highly active in aqueous ethanol with extremely small amount of palladium under mild conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on using DNA base heterogonous catalyst for Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions.