Abstract
The southern margin of the Siberian craton hosts numerous Cu(Mo) and Mo(Cu) porphyry deposits. This review provides the first comprehensive set of geological characteristics, geochronological data, petrochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopic data of representative porphyry Cu(Mo) and Mo(Cu) deposits within the southern margin of the Siberian craton and discusses the igneous processes that controlled the evolution of these magmatic systems related to mineralization. Geochronological data show that these porphyry deposits have an eastward-younging trend evolving from the Early Paleozoic to Middle Mesozoic. The western part of the area (Altay-Sayan segment) hosts porphyry Cu and Mo–Cu deposits that generally formed in the Early Paleozoic time, whereas porphyry Cu–Mo deposits in the central part (Northern Mongolia) formed in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic. The geodynamic setting of the region during these mineralizing events is consistent with Early Paleozoic subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean plate with the continuous accretion of oceanic components to the Siberian continent and Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic subduction of the west gulf of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean under the Siberian continent. The eastern part of the study area (Eastern Transbaikalia) hosts molybdenum-dominated Mo and Mo–Cu porphyry deposits that formed in the Jurassic. The regional geodynamic setting during this mineralizing process is related to the collision of the Siberian and North China–Mongolia continents during the closure of the central part of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean in the Jurassic. Available isotopic data show that the magmas related to porphyritic Cu–Mo and Mo–Cu mineralization during the Early Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic were mainly derived from mantle materials. The generation of fertile melts, related to porphyritic Mo and Mo–Cu mineralization during the Jurassic involved variable amounts of metasomatized mantle source component, the ancient Precambrian crust, and the juvenile crust, contributed by mantle-derived magmatic underplating.
Highlights
Porphyry Cu–Mo deposits occur in areas, which were involved in multiple magmatic events and are temporally and spatially associated with porphyritic intrusions
Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic were mainly derived from mantle materials
Porphyry Cu(Mo) and Mo(Cu) mineralization that occurred within the southern margin of the Siberian craton include two groups of deposits: (1) deposits that were formed from the Early Paleozoic to Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic in accretion-collision zones along the margin of the Siberian continent (Aksug porphyry Cu, Sora porphyry Mo–Cu, and Erdenetiin porphyry Cu–Mo); and (2) deposits that formed in the collision zone of Siberian and North China–Mongolia continents during the Mesozoic (Zhireken porphyry Mo–Cu and Shaktama porphyry Mo)
Summary
Porphyry Cu–Mo deposits occur in areas, which were involved in multiple magmatic events and are temporally and spatially associated with porphyritic intrusions The deposits of this type were formed as a result of mantle–crust interaction and are usually associated with magmas varying in composition from mafic to intermediate and felsic [1]. In combination with our previous recent studies [48,50,51,52,53,54] and other published data, we describe and review the geological, geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic (Sr–Nd) characteristics of representative deposits from Southern Siberia (Russia) and Northern Mongolia These data provide information on the source of magmas, as well as the relationship between magma and porphyritic.
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