Palaeoproterozoic volcanism and granitic magmatism in the Ngualla area of the Ubendian Belt, SW Tanzania: Constraints from SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages, and Sm–Nd isotope systematics

Abstract

Secondary ion microprobe U–Pb zircon data and Sm–Nd isotopic compositions are presented for the volcanic and associated granitic rocks in the northern part of the Lupa terrane in the Ngualla area of the Ubendian Belt, southwestern Tanzania. The U–Pb data reveals two distinct episodes of volcanism in the area: a ∼1943Ma volcanism involving the eruption of basaltic andesites and a ∼1871Ma event during which porphyritic dacites (and minor rhyolites) erupted. The data further shows that the last episode of volcanism was coeval with the emplacement of potassic granites at ∼1878Ma. An older age of ∼2682Ma was obtained from zircons inherited from the pre-existing Archaean crust in a potassic granite. The basaltic andesites exhibit ɛNd (1943Ma) values of −3.33 to −6.24 and TDM ages of 2521–2883Ma whereas the porphyry dacites show ɛNd (1871) values of −5.72 to −5.94 and TDM ages are 2546–2573Ma. These TDM ages are 600–700Ma older than the emplacement ages of both the basaltic andesites and porphyry dacites. The potassic granites exhibit the most negative ɛNd (1878) values of all the rocks (−6.00 to −11.2) in the area and their TDM ages are 2568–3283Ma, which are 700–1400Ma older than their emplacement age. The ɛNd(t) values for both the Ngualla volcanic and granitic rocks are much lower than the corresponding mantle value of +6.13 at 1871Ma.The emplacement of ∼1.87Ga coeval felsic plutonic and volcanic rocks in the Ngualla area of the Ubendian Belt is also a feature of the nearby Usagaran Belt and this corroborates previous evidence that plutonism and volcanism in both the Usagaran and Ubendian belts took place at the same time. The presence of ∼1.87Ga granites in both the Usagaran and the Ubendian belt implies that granitic magmatism of this age was a regional thermal event that covered a significant portion of the Proterozoic terranes of southeastern and southwestern Tanzania. Inherited Archaean zircon crystals coupled with Negative ɛNd and Nd model ages 600–1400Ma older than their respective emplacement ages all suggest Palaeoproterozoic crust is derived, in part, by re-worked Archaean crust at the southwest corner of the Tanzanian Craton.