Packaged europium/fluorescein-based hydrogen bond organic framework as ratiometric fluorescent probe for visual real-time monitoring of seafood freshness

Abstract

The freshness of sea food has always been the focus of attention from consumers, and food-safety issues are in urgent need of efficient approaches. A HOF-based ratiometric fluorescence probe (HOF-FITC/Eu) featuring superior amine-response, offers the real-time and visual detection of seafood freshness. Via intermolecular hydrogen bond interaction to form hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), which serve as a structural basis for the conjugate loading of pH-sensitive fluorescein (5-FITC) and coordination doping of lanthanide Eu3+. Amine vapors stimulate the dual-wavelength (525 nm and 616 nm) characteristic fluorescence of HOF-FITC/Eu with an inverse trend, resulting in an increase of the ratio of I525 to I616 accompanied by a distinct color transition from red to green. Prepared HOF-FITC/Eu featuring sensitive red-green color change characteristics of amine response are readily dripped into composite films of filter paper through integrated smartphone and 254 nm UV lamp as mobile observation devices to on-site monitor the freshness of raw fish and shrimp samples. The intelligent food probe HOF-FITC/Eu opens a novel material assembly type for fluorescence sensing and a potential pathway for other functional materials in the field of investigational food.