Abstract
Childhood adversity has been estimated to account for 63% - 65% of the population attributable risk for drug addiction and alcoholism, respectively. Maltreatment is also associated with alterations in the developmental trajectory of multiple stress-susceptible brain regions and pathways. We have identified in cross-sectional studies significant associations between degree of substance use and size of the first lobule of the cerebellar vermis (lingula) and T2-relaxation time (T2-RT) in dopamine rich regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate (ACC). We sought to assess whether measures of lingula size and prefrontal T2-RT could prospectively predict escalating drug use in emerging adults with maltreatment histories.
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