Abstract
The ROS1 tyrosine kinase oncogene is located on chromosome 6q22.1 and it can undergo fusion with different partners in 1-2% of NSCLC cases, resulting in constitutive ROS1 kinase activation. ROS1-fusions occur most frequently in younger patients, females, and never/ light-smokers. The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Crizotinib has high activity in ROS1-rearranged advanced NSCLC, comparable to that observed in the more common ALK-positive NSCLCs. The recommended treatment in locally advanced NSCLC is chemo-radiotherapy, preferably administered concomitantly if possible, while TKI treatments are currently not recommended even in case of tumors with druggable genomic targets like ROS1, ALK, or EGFR.
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