Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide plays important metabolic and regulatory functions beyond its putative role as a detrimental oxidant in cellular physiology. As a signaling molecule its concentration increases only slightly from steady-state levels (10–100 nM), yet much higher levels can be measured during pathological stress. Real time extracellular measurements of resting and rapid transient changes of H2O2 in the nanomolar range in complex biological media is demanding and requires the design of (bio)sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, low limit of detection and rapid response time. Electrochemical detection of H2O2 based on (bio)sensors is attractive because these can be used in diverse biological preparations, ranging from cell cultures to ex vivo (slices, biopsies and biological fluids) and in vivo applications (implantable sensors). In addition, H2O2 is frequently used as a reporter molecule in several oxidase-based biosensors designed for monitoring in vivo non-electroactive molecules such as glucose, lactate and glutamate in the brain tissue. Here we have designed, characterized and evaluated novel sensing strategies using microelectrodes (carbon fiber and Pt arrays), and screen-printed electrodes for high resolution measurements of H2O2 in diverse biological preparations.
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