Abstract

The Fear of Harm (FOH) phenotype of bipolar disorder is characterized by early age of onset, severe mood swings, fearful-aggressive obsessions, parasomnias, thermal dysregulation and extreme anxiety. Patients are typically resistant to standard treatments but are often responsive to ketamine. We hypothesized that patients with FOH have enhanced or abnormal fMRI BOLD responses to threatening stimuli which would be normalized following ketamine.

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