Abstract
Introduction Rhythmic tACS is known to entrain brain oscillations. Less well characterized are aftereffects of tACS that may result from stimulation-driven entrainment and/or cross-frequency coupling or more generally from broadband responses determined by intrinsic and/or task-dependent local and brain network properties ( Veniero2015 ). Objective To characterize aftereffects of 10-Hz tACS within multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions. Materials & methods 10-Hz active (1 mA, 20 min) and sham (1 mA, 30 s) tACS was applied in separate experimental sessions over bilateral parietal cortex (P3/P4) during performance of a visual global/local attention task. Structural MRI/MEG data were obtained from 8 healthy adult participants. Images presented were “global” letters (H or S) composed of smaller, “local” letters (H or S). A visual cue switched motor responses between global and local features. MEG data were cleaned with Elekta Neuromag MaxFilterTM. Brainstorm was used to remove eyeblink and cardiac artifacts and to extract Morlet time–frequency (TF) waveforms for brain regions in the Desikan-Killany atlas. Power TF plots were averaged across participants and compared (active vs. sham, t-test p 0.05) for a subset of 1612 sham/active global/local trials recorded ∼5 and ∼10 min post stimulation. Results Significant increases in alpha and beta were seen in bilateral inferior parietal cortex, with increased left hemisphere gamma for “local” but not “global” trials. Task-related decreased activation at alpha, beta, ∼30 Hz and gamma was observed in left hippocampus for both “local” and “global” trials. Aftereffects were also observed in bilateral superior parietal, superior frontal and lateral occipital cortex as well as medial orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus and cerebellum. Conclusion We found complex frequency- and task-dependence of oscillatory activity following 10-Hz tACS, supporting the notion that aftereffects are modulated by intrinsic and/or task-dependent local and network properties. Download : Download high-res image (210KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (227KB) Download : Download full-size image
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