P’olipunkciuri –d kartulshi da ughvlilebis morposint’aksuri modelebi /პოლიფუნქციური -დ- ქართულში და უღვლილების მორფოსინტაქსური მოდელები [Polyfunctional -d- in Georgian and Morphosyntactic Models of Conjugation

Abstract

We discuss the morphological and syntactic bases for polyfunctionality of marker -d- in the process of changing the model of Georgian verb conjugation, based on the premise that Georgian, like all Ibero-Caucasian languages, was the language of the class conjugation. The d- > *d- morphological marker is used in those languages where the grammatical class is a valid category and in those languages where the grammatical category of the class has already disappeared, the meaning of d and its use with a different function are frequent. There are few cases of expressing the valence of a subject with the suffix -d; for the most part, the direct object is conveyed by the suffixes -n / -d. Thus, in this new but infinite part of conjugation, the suffixes -n / -d convey not only S3 but also the valence of the subject if the verb is intransitive and the valence of the object if the verb is transitive. -d was also used as the passive voice marker. The -d- used in the marking of the passive voice is nothing but the reinterpretation of the archaic *d (grammatical class marker) in the new system, where it can only denote the valence of the subject. As for the active voice, the special marker of which does not exist in the verb, d- is considered to be a marker in active verbs, and the meaning of this term is not fully clear. -d that occurs in the Georgian verb conjugation system is the reinterpretation of the archaic *d (the historical marker of the grammatical class). The principle of the economy of markers has proven to be particularly productive in the process of changing the conjugation models in the Georgian language.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენა, პოლიფუნქციური -დ, უღვლილება, მორფოსინტაქსური მოდელი.Keywords: Georgian Language, polyfunctional -d, conjugation, morphosyntactic models