Pазвитие женского духовного образования в России во второй половине XIX – начале XX вв. (на примере Кавказской (Ставропольской) епархии)

Abstract

In the modern world, women’s (gender) history is of increasing interest, which makes it possible to compare social, cultural and psychological features in the ratio of “male” and “female” in history. At present, the life of women of the clergy, including the peculiarities of their education, remains poorly studied. It is worth noting that the education of women of the clergy was closely interrelated with the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, which has a significant impact on the political and social life of society. The reforms of the second half of the XIX century opened the way for women of all classes to education and social activities and led to changes in public perceptions of the role and place of women in society. While secular educational institutions began to teach women new professions, religious educational institutions were focused exclusively on pedagogical activities. Special diocesan women’s schools were created in dioceses for the education and upbringing of girls of the clergy. There were only three diocesan women’s schools in the North Caucasus, and the very first, and for a long time remained the only one, was the Caucasian (Stavropol) diocesan Women’s School. In this regard, considerable attention is paid in the article to the role and history of this particular school, which made a significant contribution to the development of women’s spiritual education in the Caucasian (Stavropol) diocese. The author substantiates the conclusion that despite the trends and demands of society in the second half of the XIX century, the female education of the clergy remained conservative, which is associated with the role played by the girl of the clergy, and the duties of the future wife of a clergyman.