Ozone Degradation of Cyclophosphamide – Effect of Alkalinity and Key Effluent Organic Matter Constituents

Abstract

The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds (alginic acid, peptone and natural organic matter-NOM) and alkalinity on the ozonation of cyclophosphamide (CPD) was investigated. The rate of ozone decay increased with increasing model compounds concentration in the order of peptone > NOM > alginic acid. Increasing alkalinity inhibited ozone decay at all concentrations of alginic acid and at low concentrations of NOM and peptone (DOC < 3 mg/L), while at high NOM and peptone concentrations the effect of alkalinity on ozone decay was minor. Presumably, ozone decay was mainly controlled by direct reaction with these two model compounds, resulting in •OH (hydroxyl radical) formation yield of 29% and 19%, for peptone and NOM respectively. In the presence of alginic acid •OH formation through a radical chain reaction resulted in a yield of 30%. Cyclophosphamide (CPD) removal decreased with increasing alkalinity and model compounds concentration (most pronounced for peptone and less pronounced for alginic acid); most likely due to increase in the scavenging effect on •OH.