Oxyfluorination of Wood-Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites to Improve Adhesion

Abstract

Oxyfluorination was evaluated on a series of wood-fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (WPCs) formulations as a means to improve the adhesion of a water-based acrylic coating. The oxyfluorination increased the acrylic coating peel load to WPCs by 179%, yielding adhesion levels higher than those obtained on control maple. For oxyfluorinated surfaces, the WPC formulation had a significant impact on the acrylic coating paint. Formulations without maleic anhydride polypropylene coupling agent developed better adhesion than formulations with the coupling agent. Formulations with polypropylene also performed better than formulations with high density polyethylene and so did formulations with pine compared with those with maple. Interestingly, the adhesion improvement imparted by oxyfluorination was higher for those formulations that were least amenable to bonding with the acrylic coating, i.e., those containing the coupling agent and high density polyethylene. Contact angle measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy indicated that oxyfluorination improved wettability with polar liquids by generating new oxygenated groups on the surface. A moderate positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.5) was established between the carbonyl/C-H stretch band intensity ratio I1650cm−1 /I2915cm−1 in the infrared spectra of oxyfluorinated WPCs and the coating peel strength. It is, therefore, proposed that oxyfluorination improves the adhesion properties of WPCs by oxidizing the surface, and by increasing wettability with polar liquids, thus allowing the development of stronger interfacial forces.