Oxidized graphene fabrication from oil palm shell at different exposure time

Abstract

Biochar made from Oil Palm Shell (B-OPS) can release bio-gaseous compounds such as methane and carbon dioxide during thermal pressure. A percentage of these bio-gaseous compounds can be used as precursors in the carbon deposition process during Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) to synthesize oxidized graphene. By manipulating the exposure time during the CVD process, one can observe varying nucleation, growth, and exfoliation differences. The highest exposure time results in exfoliation, observable crystallinity, high carbon content, low defects, and a reduction in oxygen within the intercalated layers. Furthermore, oxidized graphene synthesized at different exposure times can be characterized using various methods such as Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope – Field Emission Gun (SEM- FEG), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), micro-Raman, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Observing the carbon characteristics at 30-minute intervals allows one to speculate on the relationship between carbon deposition and exposure time. As the exposure time increases, the initial amorphous carbon layer deposition changes to a higher sp2 hybridized layer deposition. G-65 has shown optimized properties, such as a high hybridization trend, a high surface area porous-wavelike structure, an observable crystallinity, and the highest sp2 compared to sp3 deconvoluted peaks.