Abstract
The marine red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis has a haploid-diploid life cycle wherein two heteromorphic generations, a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte, are reciprocally generated from conchospores and carpospores, respectively. When we treated gametophytic blades of P. yezoensis with H2O2, discharge of asexual monospores was accelerated, resulting in increased numbers of gametophytic clones. Production of sporophytes without fertilization of male and female gametes was also observed. These findings indicate that oxidative stress can induce vegetative cells to develop into monospores that produce gametophytes asexually and can sometimes prompt carpospores to develop into sporophytes. The discovery of oxidative stress-triggered asexual reproduction and -apogamy will stimulate progress in studies of life-cycle regulation in P. yezoensis.
Highlights
Plants are multicellular organisms that exhibit alternation of ontogenies, such as haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations, during their life cycles (Coelho et al, 2011a; Bowman et al, 2016; Horst and Reski, 2016), such that a single nuclear genome operates two different developmental programs (Friedman, 2013)
Developmental programs for haploid and diploid generations are initiated by meiosis to produce haploid spores and fertilization of male and female gametes to produce diploid spores, respectively
We employed total six blades per experiment by dividing into three sets to perform standing-culture using three upper wells of a 6-well culture dish (Iwaki Sci Tech Div., Asahi Techno Glass, Japan) containing 5 mL PES medium for 2 weeks at 15◦C with addition of the H2O2 solution at working concentrations indicated in the text or distilled water (DW) corresponding to the maximum volume of the H2O2 stock solution
Summary
Plants are multicellular organisms that exhibit alternation of ontogenies, such as haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations, during their life cycles (Coelho et al, 2011a; Bowman et al, 2016; Horst and Reski, 2016), such that a single nuclear genome operates two different developmental programs (Friedman, 2013). It is well known that oxidative stress enhances photosynthesis (Foyer and Shigeoka, 2011) and stimulates Ca2+ influx
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