Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max.) is one of the most important legumes cultivated worldwide. Its productivity can be altered by some biotic and abiotic stresses like global warming, soil metal pollution or over-application of herbicides like paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dichloride). In this study, the effect of oxidative stress produced by paraquat addition (0, 20, 50 and 100 µM) during plant growth on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) and functionality of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens-elicited soybean nodules were evaluated. Results showed that the 50 µM was the threshold that B. diazoefficiens can tolerate under free-living conditions. In symbiosis with soybean, the paraquat addition statistically reduced the shoot and root dry weight of soybean plants, and number and development of the nodules. SNF was negatively affected by paraquat, which reduced total nitrogen content and fixed nitrogen close to 50% when 100 µM was added. These effects were due to the impairment of nodule functionality and the increased oxidative status of the nodules, as revealed by the lower leghaemoglobin content and the higher lipid peroxidation in soybean nodules from paraquat-treated plants.
Highlights
Legumes are one of the most important world-wide crops for humans, besidesGramineae [1]
The effect of oxidative stress produced by paraquat addition (0, 20, 50 and 100 μM) during plant growth on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) and functionality of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficienselicited soybean nodules were evaluated
These effects were due to the impairment of nodule functionality and the increased oxidative status of the nodules, as revealed by the lower leghaemoglobin content and the higher lipid peroxidation in soybean nodules from paraquat-treated plants
Summary
Legumes are one of the most important world-wide crops for humans, besidesGramineae [1]. Legumes are one of the most important world-wide crops for humans, besides. Grain legumes like Trigonella, Lathyrus, Phaseolus, Vicia, Pisum, Lathyrus, Lupinus or Glycine, which are commonly cultivated in Oceania, North and South America, Africa, Asia and Europe, have important grain and aerial nitrogen concentrations to address these issues [5]. Soybean (Glycine max L.) together with wheat, maize and rice, is one of the main crops for food production, reaching crop yields of 3.1, 4.0, 8.9 and 5.0 tonnes ha−1 within 2019, respectively [6]. The United States, Argentina and China, with 37%, 28%, 16% and 5% of the world’s production, respectively, are the main producers of soybeans [7]
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