Abstract
The oxidant/antioxidant balance has been implicated in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. We investigated oxidative damage and antioxidant status in high-risk prostate cancer subjects. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in erythrocytes, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in leukocytes and plasma levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxide products were measured in high-risk and age-matched healthy subjects. Serum PSA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in high-risk subjects, whereas GST (p < 0.0001) and GSH (p < 0.002) were higher in healthy controls. Levels of 8-OHdG, an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in high-risk subjects. No marked difference in the levels of CAT (p = 0.237), GSH-Px (p = 0.74), GSH-R (p = 0.344), SOD (p = 0.109), and lipid peroxide products (p = 0129) were observed between two groups. Pearson’s correlation between GST and PSA (r = −0.69 (p < 0.0001)), GST and 8-OHdG (r = −0.62 (p < 0.0004)), GSH and 8-OHdG (r= −0.39 (p = 0.038)), and CAT and GSH-Px (r= −0.33 (p = 0.04)) were found to be negatively correlated, whereas 8-OHdG and PSA were positively associated (r= 0.57 (p < 0.002). These results indicate a significant role of oxidative damage in prostate carcinogenesis, particularly during the early stages of development. In conclusion, our data support the importance of antioxidant defense as a valuable diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in prostate cancer.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is an important public health problem, in Western countries with trends towards increase in aging population [1,2]
We have previously demonstrated that chronic inflammation causes premalignant and malignant changes in the prostate as a result of increased oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage along with alteration in antioxidant enzyme activity [14,15]
We investigate whether antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative DNA damage may be developed as a biomarker to identify men who are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer
Summary
Prostate cancer is an important public health problem, in Western countries with trends towards increase in aging population [1,2]. The etiology and the risk factors of prostate. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 126 malignancy is not well understood, certain risk factors are frequently associated to its development. Reports suggest that prostate cancer is frequently related with a shift in the oxidant/antioxidant balance resulting in increased oxidative stress [7,8]. Accumulating evidence suggest that intracellular production of deleterious molecules of oxidative damage plays a critical role in aging and age-related diseases such as prostate cancer [9,10]. Reports suggest age-related molecular changes in the prostate as a result of oxidative DNA damage induced by hydroxyl radicals
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