Abstract
The results of 60 years' research into the mechanisms of olefin oxidation catalyzed by palladium complexes (Wacker oxidation) are analyzed. The concepts of the mechanisms of related oxidative carboxylations (Moiseev reaction) and alkoxylations are discussed. This review considers the regularities of processes in aqueous organic solvents; the problems of regio- and stereoselectivity of reactions; and the role of co-catalysts, oxidants, and ligands, including asymmetric catalysis. The effect of transition from anionic (or neutral) to cationic palladium chloride complexes in water or aqueous organic media on the mechanism of olefin oxidation is discussed in detail.
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