Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal is a strategy for emotional regulation, important in the context of anxiety disorders. It is not known whether anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines affect cognitive reappraisal. We aimed to investigate the effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal. In a preliminary investigation, 33 healthy male volunteers were randomised to oxazepam or placebo, and then underwent an experiment where they were asked to use cognitive reappraisal to upregulate or downregulate their emotional response to images with negative or neutral emotional valence. We recorded unpleasantness ratings, skin conductance, superciliary corrugator muscle activity, and heart rate. Participants completed rating scales measuring empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, TAS-20), and psychopathy (Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Revised, PPI-R). Upregulation to negative-valence images in the cognitive reappraisal task caused increased unpleasantness ratings, corrugator activity, and heart rate compared to downregulation. Upregulation to both negative- and neutral-valence images caused increased skin conductance responses. Oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings to negative-valence stimuli, but did not interact with reappraisal instruction on any outcome. Self-rated trait empathy was associated with stronger responses to negative-valence stimuli, whereas self-rated psychopathic traits were associated with weaker responses to negative-valence stimuli. While 25 mg oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings in response to negative-valence images, we did not observe an effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal.
Highlights
Emotional regulation is an important aspect of normal behavior in healthy individuals and often altered in patients with psychiatric disorders, including emotional instability and anxiety [1, 2], suggesting a less effective top-down control of emotional processes
While 25 mg oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings in response to negativevalence images, we did not observe an effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal
Six did not perform the reappraisal experiment since they reported having previously participated in other experiments involving viewing images likely to be from the same International Affective Picture System (IAPS) stimulus set
Summary
Emotional regulation is an important aspect of normal behavior in healthy individuals and often altered in patients with psychiatric disorders, including emotional instability and anxiety [1, 2], suggesting a less effective top-down control of emotional processes. Pharmacological substances such as benzodiazepines provide a rapid anxiolytic effect, but are associated with a risk for dependency. It is not known whether anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines affect cognitive reappraisal
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