Abstract
Buddhism has a long history in Korea and is deeply rooted in the thought of the Korean people. It introduced rebirth and karma theory and changed Korean people’s worldviews. From its transmission period to the Goryeo dynasty, it served the royal family and supported the kingship. In the Unified Silla period, it became prevalent among the common people through the teaching of equal salvation. In the Goryeo dynasty, it became completely a part of Korean culture. In the Joseon dynasty, however, the country became neo-Confucian, and Buddhism lost its political influence. Officially, it was suppressed, but it still played a role as a crucial religion among the people. In modern times, Buddhism has revived and survives in competition with Christianity. Among the various denominations, the Hwaeom and Seon schools remained major Buddhist schools in Korea. Hwaeom Buddhism proposed the interconnected worldview, Buddha mind in human mind, and the power of mind. Seon Buddhism taught the way to recover Buddha mind. Korean Buddhist scholars developed their mind-cultivation tradition on the basis of those two teachings. Currently Seon school is the biggest order in Korea and the mind cultivation tradition keeps transforming in the context of contemporary Korea.
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