7～12세기 경산지역 출토 기와의 전개양상과 그 의미

Abstract

Roof tiles were mainly used for buildings of authority related to the state or temple. In the case of the Gyeongsan area, the importance of building sites from where roof tiles were excavated has not been researched sufficiently compared to ancient tombs in Imdang-dong, Joyeong-dong, and Bujeok-ri. Under this circumstance, it is necessary to summarize the roof tiles excavated from the Gyeongsan area and understand the area''s spatial specificity and historical meaning over time. First, the 14 sites, where roof tiles were excavated, as reported through excavation and present condition investigations in the Gyeongsan area, were analyzed by dividing them into roof kilns, building sites, and temples. For the analysis, 74 pieces, including antefixes, plain tiles, and inscribed tiles, were selected, and the characteristics of each tile were analyzed. Regarding these characteristics, the properties and associated artifacts that become the basis for the chronological identification of roof tiles and the results of archaeomagnetic dating and radiocarbon dating of roof kilns were applied to chronologically organize the roof tiles excavated from the Gyeongsan area by century from the 7th century in the Three States period to the 12th century in the Goryeo period. As a result, in the history of roof tile research, the antefixes excavated from the Gyeongsan were influenced by the patterns of the royal capital region in the 7th and 8th centuries. However, there were also local tiles with strong originality from later periods. It is presumed that a hidden aspect of “transformation” is attributed to the method or habits preferred by each of the multiple tile-making technology groups. In the case of inscribed tiles, those from the Unified Silla period have not been confirmed. In contrast, it was confirmed that tiles with inscriptions indicating place names from the Goryeo period in the 11th century are starting to be found. Based on the circumstance, the historical significance of the tiles excavated in the Gyeongsan area can be stated in three points. First, the tiles found in many excavated sites revealed cases where tiles were supplied from many production areas to many consumption areas during the Goryeo Dynasty. Second, it was emphasized that the characteristic of the excavated location and the name or location of the temple could be determined based on the location where tiles with inscriptions were excavated in the Gyeongsan area. For example, the building site inside 160-1, Jungsan-dong, in the 11th century, during the Goryeo Dynasty, is highly likely to be a private Buddhist shrine of an influential local person. In addition, Daegoksa Temple was identified as a temple operated in Heungjeon-ri, Namsan-myeon, Gyeongsan-si, from the end of the Unified Silla period to the early Joseon Dynasty based on the inscription on tiles, stone pagoda, and documents. However, the inscribed tiles indicating the name of Sinsusa Temple still need further examination in determining the temple''s location. Third, in the Unified Silla Era, it is highly probable that this area was the center of Jangsan-gun through the excavation of Roof tiles in the areas of Siji-dong, Jungsan-dong, Okgok-dong, and Daepyeong-dong.