Abstract
BackgroundThis paper presents the first comprehensive effort to provide an overview of the research associated with the World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters in 2006/07.MethodsInformation was obtained by questionnaire and interviews with senior staff operating at WHO headquarters in Geneva. Research type, purpose and resources (both financial and staff) were defined and compared for each of the 37 departments identified and a comparative analysis was made with the global burden of disease as expressed by Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY).ResultsResearch expenditure in 2006/07 was estimated at US$215 million. WHO is involved in more than 60 research networks/partnerships and often WHO itself is the network host.Using the DALY model, 84% of the funding WHO allocates to research goes to DALY Type I diseases (communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional diseases) which represents 40% of DALY. 4% is allocated to Daly Type II (non-communicable diseases) which contributes to 48% of DALY.45% of WHO permanent staff are involved with health research and the WHO's approach to research is predominantly focused on policy, advocacy, health systems and population based research. The Organization principally undertakes secondary research using published data and commissions others to conduct this work through contracts or research grants. This approach is broadly in line with the stated strategy of the Organization.ConclusionsThe difficulty in undertaking this survey highlights the complexity of obtaining an Organization-wide assessment of research activity in the absence of common standards for research classification, methods for priority setting and a mechanism across WHO, or within the governance of global health research more generally, for managing a research portfolio.This paper presents a strategic birds-eye view of the WHO research portfolio using methodologies that, with further development, may provide the strategic information required if there is to be balancing of research efforts between communicable disease, non-communicable disease and other pressing public health needs. As the rollout of the WHO strategy on research for health proceeds we would hope to see similar exercises undertaken at the WHO Regional Offices and in support of capacity building of national health research systems within Member States.
Highlights
This paper presents the first comprehensive effort to provide an overview of the research associated with the World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters in 2006/07
Comparing the research WHO is associated with against the global burden of disease estimated by disability adjusted life years for 2004 Comparing research expenditure 2006/07 to the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) for 2004 (Figure 6) shows that, when International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is excluded, 84% of WHO’s research budget is allocated to type I diseases that accounts for 40% of estimated DALYs. 4% of the research budget is allocated to type II Non-communicable disease that accounts for 48% of estimated DALYs. 4% of the research budget is allocated to type III Injuries, war and violence that accounts for 12% of estimated DALYs
In varying degrees, research activity is found throughout the operational departments based at WHO headquarters and nearly half of the staff (45%) are involved in research activities as defined here
Summary
Definitions of Research After consultation with WHO departments and staff, the WHO Strategy on Research for Health defined research as the development of knowledge with the aim of understanding health challenges and mounting an improved response to them This definition covers a spectrum of research, which spans five generic areas of activity: measuring the problem; understanding its cause (s); elaborating solutions; translating the solutions or evidence into policy, practice and products; and evaluating the effectiveness of solutions. The Radar diagrams - spider graphs (Figures 3 and 4) The Organizational radar diagrams were generated by asking the departments to provide an estimate of its scale of support (either low 1, some 2 or strong 3) in two areas: the type of approach used in funding research (contracted vs commissioned) and the nature of the support across a range of defined research areas.
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