Abstract
Drought gives severe impact on agricultural system on fulfilling global food demands. Addressing the root causes of drought related to the community as water users can be done by combating illegal water extraction and controlling water supply. The discussion is based on information obtained from scientific literatures, such as Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. From literature survey, participatory water management engage stakeholders harmonizing water supply and demand to tackle drought through water resources protection and efficient water use. Giving more power of people in the system impacts their better involvement in planning and decision-making processes. Top-down and bottomup participation models have different dynamics in water governance and both can be implemented based on the local contexts. Trade-offs and dilemmas should be considered in order to produce an effective participation. Collaboration and good communication among water users result in a better water management.
Highlights
Drought described as a lack of water availability because of low input from precipitation and high output from evapotranspiration which occur on several months to years that affects societal life[1],[2]
Participation, whether top-down or bottom-up model, strengthens people on their knowledge and values. It allows people from different sectors and scales to work together linking their notions to manage water supply and demand in order to prolong the availability of the water resources and fulfill socioeconomical needs
Solutions of drought problems are conducted through harmonization of water supply and water demand
Summary
Drought described as a lack of water availability because of low input from precipitation and high output from evapotranspiration which occur on several months to years that affects societal life[1],[2]. Farmers can adopt adaptation strategy, based on scientific research, by changing their cropping pattern [5], for instance, mixed farming of sugarcane and cassava in Northeast Thailand[8]; intercropping by selecting certain types of soybeans in East Java Indonesia [9]; planting wheat-maize-soybean in upland summer while double rotation of paddy and potato in rainy season in a hilly area, Sichuan Province, China [10] In this regard, farmers need strong connection and support from others, for instance, local government at regional level in providing meteorological data and early warning system [11]; higher government level in technical and financial support on developing irrigation infrastructure and advanced technology collaborating with private sectors and local experts. The main success in managing water depends on active cooperation and coherent behavior of community, government at national and local level, and other parties by sharing information, consultation and involvement of water users [13]
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