Abstract
Introduction: Nurses are anticipated to address diverse human needs, leading to the emergence of numerous ethical challenges in their daily practice. Contemporary nursing requires proficiency not only in advanced medical-technical skills but also competence in focusing on the ethical dimensions, including ethical reasoning and decision-making, inherent in-patient care. Negotiating the ethical intricacies of treatment in practical scenarios presents a significant challenge for nurses. Despite the complexity, ongoing review and improvement are necessary to uphold professional standards and prioritize patient well-being.Aim: The objective of this scoping review is to describe the landscape of nurses' ethical reasoning and the process of ethical reasoning in nursing practice.Methods: A scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey and O'Malley framework, spanning publications released from 1990 to 2023, utilizing electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. Diverse keywords were employed to optimize the search strategy. The review process encompassed examining 21 finalized articles selected using the PRISMA guideline, comprising qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies.Findings: This review identified two main domains: Factors for ethical reasoning in nursing and the ethical frameworks utilized. Nurses employ individual-related and profession-related factors to navigate ethical reasoning. Ethical frameworks, including principle-based approaches, ethical decision-making models, ethical theories; deontology, and utilitarianism, provide structured methods for ethical reasoning.Conclusions: The scoping review highlights the importance of ethical reasoning and frameworks in nursing, identifying key approaches, principle-based methods, and ethical decision-making models. It underscores the need for practical application and integration of ethical reasoning education in nursing to enhance quality patient care and decision-making.
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