Abstract
Spine surgery has witnessed significant advancements in endoscopic techniques over the past several decades. Compared to open approaches, endoscopic spine surgery allows for minimal tissue dissection, blood loss, and hospital stay, while optimizing early functional recovery. Recent improvements in instrumentation have enabled endoscopic techniques to address a larger range of degenerative pathology. However, regulatory barriers and specialized training are thought to underlie the purportedly steep learning curve, which hinders the widespread implementation of endoscopy in clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of endoscopic spine surgery and discuss its learning curve relative to other minimally invasive techniques.
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