Abstract
Abstract A new methodology for the combination of active and passive microwave measurements for near-surface precipitation retrieval from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data was developed. The approach consists of a stand-alone passive microwave algorithm that is calibrated by collocated radar estimates. The passive microwave technique was based on combined cloud model–radiative transfer simulations including varying surface conditions, a melting layer parameterization, and approximative three-dimensional radiative transfer. The representativeness of the simulations with respect to the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) observations was evaluated replacing brightness temperatures by empirical orthogonal functions. Thus, nine TMI correlated channels may be replaced by two to three empirical orthogonal functions representating 97%–98% of total variability. Comparing the principal components to those from TMI observations containing precipitation revealed that the 85.5-GHz brightness temperatures fr...
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