Abstract
Costs and terms of hydroelectric complexes construction, of low pressure constructions in particular, can be significantly reduced by ensuring the safe passage of flood discharge through the crest of water-retaining structures. When water-retaining structures are made from soils, this condition can only be fulfilled by creating special fastenings of a crest and dam slopes from erosion. There is a large number of technical solutions for overflowing phreatic dams construction with the use of stone, concrete, reinforced concrete and metal. However, most of them have specific disadvantages. They are high materials consumption, labour input and expenses. These disadvantages, in our opinion, can be minimized by applying modern composite materials such as geosynthetic shells, concrete-filled textile floor-floor-mats and coarse-pored concrete. The paper describes structures of overflowing phreatic dams invented by the authors with the use of modern composite materials, as well as the results of model hydraulic studies of overflowing phreatic dams with a downstream slopes formed by geosynthetic shells.
Highlights
Phreatic dams were the most widespread water retaining structures at small hydroelectric complexes
The paper describes structures of overflowing phreatic dams invented by the authors with the use of modern composite materials, as well as the results of model hydraulic studies of overflowing phreatic dams with a downstream slopes formed by geosynthetic shells
We present the results of model hydraulic studies of overflowing phreatic dams using geosynthetic shells
Summary
Phreatic dams were the most widespread water retaining structures at small hydroelectric complexes. Their advantages are the use of local building materials, reliability, and the use of integrated mechanization of technological erection processes, short construction time and low cost. Passage of flood discharge through the crest of phreatic dam in most cases is the most economical and technological solution, since it allows you to refuse the construction of expensive water retaining structures. Without the implementation of special structural solutions to create fastenings of the crest and slopes protecting them from erosion, flood discharge overflow through a phreatic dam is not permissible. Structures using composite materials such as geosynthetic shells, concrete-filled textile floor-floor-mats and coarse-pored concrete have become widely used in hydraulic engineering
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